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Laboratoriya və avadanlıqlar

Ümumi kimya laboratoriyası

İkinci və üçüncü kurs bakalavr tələbələri ümumi kimya laboratoriyasında dərslər keçirlər. Laboratoriya bütün təhlükəsizlik qaydalarına tam cavab verir. Təcrübələr zamanı tələbələri maddələrin təsirindən tam qorumaq üçün yüksək sorucu gücə malik duman qapağı quraşdırılıb.

Ümumi laboratoriya dərsləri keyfiyyət və kəmiyyət analizinin əsaslarını, kimyəvi və fiziki xassələrin təyin edilməsini, həmçinin kimyəvi sintez proseslərini əhatə edir. Bu işlər yüksək səviyyəli cihazların köməyi ilə aparılır. Həmin cihazlara aşağıdakılar daxildir:

  • pH-metr – məhlullarda hidrogen ionlarının aktivliyini ölçən cihazdır. Başqa sözlə, məhlulun turşuluq/qələviliyi bu cihaz vasitəsilə müəyyən edilir.
  • UV-Vis Spectroscopy (ultrabənövşəyi-görünən spektroskopiya) – kimyəvi maddənin nə qədər işıq udduğunu ölçmək üçün istifadə olunan kəmiyyət metodudur. Prinsipi ondadır ki, kimyəvi birləşmələr ultrabənövşəyi və ya görünən işığı udduqda özünəməxsus spektrlər yaradır.
  • Polarimetr – optik aktiv birləşmələrdən keçən qütbləşmiş işığın döndürülmə bucağını ölçən cihazdır.
  • Kondaktometriya – elektrolitlərin keçiriciliyinin ölçülməsi üsuludur və kimyəvi reaksiyanın gedişatını izləmək üçün istifadə edilir.

Bu cihazlar tələbələrin kimya sahəsində praktik bacarıqlarını inkişaf etdirməyə və elmi prosesi daha dərindən anlamalarına imkan yaradır.

Analitik kimya laboratoriyası

Analitik kimya laboratoriyası müasir avadanlıqla təchiz olunub və qabaqcıl kimyəvi analizlərin aparılmasını nəzərdə tutur. Laboratoriya nümunələrin sadə birləşmələrdən mürəkkəb qarışıqlara qədər hərtərəfli xarakterizasiyasını və kəmiyyət təhlilini həyata keçirməyə imkan verən yüksək texnologiyalı cihazlarla təchiz olunub. Akademik və sənaye sahələrinin tələblərinə cavab verən bu laboratoriya tədqiqat, inkişaf və keyfiyyətə nəzarət üçün zəruri etibarlı məlumatları ehtiva edir.

  • Qaz xromatoqrafı (GC) ilə Alov İonlaşdırıcı Detektor (FID) - uçucu birləşmələrin təhlilində istifadə olunur. FID-in üzvi birləşmələrə yüksək həssaslığı xromatoqrafın dəqiqliyini artırır.
  • Qaz Xromatoqrafiyası-Mass Spektrometriya (GC-MS) - GC-nin ayırma gücünü MS-in dəqiq molekulyar identifikasiyası ilə birləşdirir. Bu sinerji mürəkkəb nümunələrin tərkibini ətraflı təhlil etməyə imkan verir.
  • Yüksək Performanslı Maye Xromatoqrafiyası (HPLC) UV-görünən və Fluoresans Detektorları ilə - Məhlulda birləşmələrin qarışıqlarını ayırır. UV və fluoresans detektorları vasitəsilə sadə ionlardan mürəkkəb üzvi molekullara qədər nümunələri aşkarlaya bilir. HPLC çevikliyi sayəsində ən çox istifadə olunan analitik metodlardan biridir.
  • İonik Xromatoqrafiya (IC) Konduktivlik Detektoru ilə - İon və polar molekulların ayrılmasına yönəlib. Duz, mineral və ion tərkibinin əhəmiyyətli olduğu nümunələrin tam ion profilini təmin edir.
  • UV-Görünən Spektroskopiya Avadanlığı - Molekullardakı elektron keçidləri haqqında məlumat verir. Biokimya və ətraf mühit elmləri sahələrində tətbiqləri vardır, nümunələr haqqında kəmiyyət və keyfiyyət məlumatı təmin edir.
  • Maye Xromatoqrafiyası-Mass Spektrometriya (LC-MS) - Maye xromatoqrafiyasının ayırma gücünü mass spektrometrinin identifikasiya dəqiqliyi ilə birləşdirir. Bu, xüsusən iz analizləri üçün nümunə tərkibi haqqında ətraflı məlumat əldə etməyə imkan verir.
  • İnduktiv Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) - Metal və qeyri-metal iz səviyyələrində təhlil üçün istifadə olunur. Ətraf mühitin monitorinqi və istehsalda keyfiyyət təminatı üçün geniş tətbiqləri vardır.
  • Mikrodalğalı Hazırlayıcı (Digestive Microwave) - Nümunələrin hazılqlanmasını sürətləndirir, ICP-MS təhlili üçün hazırlıq üçün istifadə olunur.
  • Nüvə Maqnit Rezonans (NMR) Avadanlığı - Molekulların atom strukturlarını öyrənməyə imkan verir. Orqanik kimya və biokimya tədqiqatları üçün vacibdir. Zərərsizdir və molekulyar strukturu dəqiq müəyyən etməyə kömək edir.
  • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) - Molekulların vibrasiyalarını öyrənərək materialların identifikasiyasına kömək edir. Sürətli və zərərsiz texnika olduğundan rutin yoxlamalarda geniş istifadə olunur.
  • Fluoresans Spektroskopiyası Avadanlığı - Nümunələrdən yayılan fluoresansı ölçərək molekulyar mühit, qarşılıqlı təsirlər və konformasiyalar haqqında məlumat verir. Həssaslığı yüksəkdir.

Chemical Engineering Laboratory 101

The Chemical Engineering Laboratory is a hub for hands-on learning. With modern tools and equipment, it provides students a simulated environment to understand realworld industry practices. By integrating core engineering principles with practical applications, the lab serves as a bridge between theoretical learning and actual industrial processes. It allows students to test, refine, and bring them closer to the realworld.

Microscope Laboratory

The microscope laboratory is a center to learn practically. There are 11 Polarized Light Microscopes and approximately 200 thin sections which are prepared by using three types of rocks, and some sedimentary rock samples. One of these microscopes belongs to the Leica brand, others are Blue Schist Polarized Light Microscopes.

The laboratory allows students to work with high motivation and enthusiasm. The electronic microscopes are adjusted according to high standards, and Mineralogy, petrography, and sedimentology courses are practiced in the laboratory.

Networking laboratory

The networking lab at UFAZ encompasses a central hub, featuring switches, routers, and hubs, complemented by a cluster of 25 machines, each equipped with multiple networking cards. It can serve multiple important purposes at UFAZ, enhancing the learning experience for students pursuing degrees in computer science. Here are some key reasons why the networking lab can be used at UFAZ:

1. Hands-on Learning: Networking labs provide students with practical, hands-on experience in configuring, managing, and troubleshooting network equipment and protocols. This practical experience is invaluable for understanding complex networking concepts.

2. Skill Development: Students can develop essential skills related to network design, implementation, maintenance, and security in a controlled environment. They gain proficiency in configuring routers, switches, firewalls, and other networking devices.

3. Real-world Simulation: Labs often simulate real-world networking scenarios, allowing students to apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations. They can simulate network failures, security breaches, and scalability challenges.

4. Collaboration: Networking labs promote collaboration among students. Group projects and exercises encourage teamwork and problem-solving skills, which are crucial in the IT industry.

5. Certification Preparation: Many students aim to earn industry-recognized certifications such as Cisco's CCNA or CompTIA Network+. The networking lab can provide a dedicated space for students to prepare for these exams.

6. Troubleshooting and Maintenance: Students can learn how to diagnose and resolve networking issues, which is a crucial skill for maintaining the functionality of business networks.

In summary, the networking lab is a valuable resource at UFAZ because it provides a controlled environment for students to gain practical experience and develop skills in networking and related fields. It bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and realworld application, preparing students for success in the ever-evolving field of networking.

Physics Laboratories

The laboratories located in SP1 are intended for groups L0. These laboratories do not carry out scientific research; they are exclusively intended for teaching and visualizing theoretical knowledge.

During their first year, UFAZ students have seven practical work sessions in the physics laboratory.

  1. Basic electric measurements: Kirchhoff laws and Ohm law: In this PW, students are learning how to build electric circuits and the principles of Kirchhoff and Ohm laws.
  2. Wave generators and oscilloscopes: In this PW, students are learning basic knowledge about oscilloscopes, wave generators, power supplies, and how to handle them.
  3. Air table: In this PW, students are learning to work on an air table. They are doing some measurements and calculations that relate to speed, acceleration, distance and time.
  4. Pendulum: In this PW, students are learning how to work a pendulum and how to handle data obtained from measurements.
  5. Thermometry: In this PW, students are learning to work with Platinum Probe PT100, multimeters, heating baths, and calorimeters.
  6. Resistance and capacitor circuit: In this PW, students are learning sound wave behavior, how to measure their data and how to manipulate it.
  7. Optics: In this PW, students are visualizing their theoretical knowledge and doing some calculations.

L3 Laboratory room in SP2

The laboratories located in SP2 are intended for groups L3. These laboratories do not carry out scientific research; they are exclusively intended for teaching and visualizing theoretical knowledge.

During their last year, UFAZ students have six practical work sessions in the physics laboratory.

  1. VISCOSITY - The principle of the PW is to determine the viscosity of the given substance and determine how the viscosity changes with time. Measure and calculate the density of the substance.

2.Surface tension - In this PW, students determine the surface tension of a liquid by the using ring which is attached to a torsion and they calculate surface tension of solution ( soup and water) from the diameter of the ring and the tear-off force.

  1. Pressure drop – In this PW, students determine the role of element which leads to creating pressure drop through the pipe. Second step is finding pressure drop which is created by the fittings.
  2. Flow through particle layers- In this PW, Students follow given steps :

1) Familiarisation with the fundamentals of flow through packed beds and fluidised beds (DARCY)

2) Observation of the fluidisation process

3) Pressure losses depending on flow rate, type, particle size and bed height

4) Determine the fluidisation velocity and comparison with theoretically calculated values

  1. ADSORPTION- In this PW, students use metanol blue and water. During the experiment, by the helping of coils and changing flow rate of these liquids they can find adsorption of them.
  2. FLUIDISED BED FORMATION- In this Pw, student observe that granular

solid matter takes on the character of a liquid. This relates both to its fluid-mechanical and its thermodynamic properties.

L2 Laboratory room in SP2

The laboratories located in SP2, room 304 are intended for groups L2. These laboratories do not carry out scientific research; they are exclusively intended for teaching and visualizing theoretical knowledge. Some electronics related research can also be done in this lab, as conductivity of materials, volt-ampere characterization of thin films, diode structures etc..

In L2, UFAZ students have 8 practical work sessions in the physics laboratory.

  1. POHL'S PENDULUM: In this PW, students learn how to estimate the oscillating period and the characteristic frequency in free and forced oscillations. Determine the oscillating periods and the corresponding characteristic frequencies for different damping values. The main goal of thins section is to determine the resonance curves and represent them graphically for different values of the damping coefficient. Observe the phase shifting between the torsion pendulum and the stimulating lever for a small damping value for different stimulating frequencies.
  2. CRITICAL POINT: In this PW, students learn a substance which is gaseous under normal conditions is enclosed in a variable volume and the variation of pressure with the volume is recorded at different temperatures. The critical point is determined graphically from a plot of the isotherms.
  3. TRANSFORMER: In this PW, students learn how to prepare the transformer by putting the two coils in the magnetic circuit having the U form and closed it by respecting the directions of the layer constituting the internal structure of the material. The measurements are performed using numerical multimeters to measure i) the currents in the primary and in the secondary circuits; ii) the voltages between the terminals of each coils. The main purpose of this work is to study with a load and determination of the yield of the transformer.
  4. NEGATIVE RESISTANCE AND “RLC” CIRCUIT: In this first part of this PW, the main problem with naturally oscillating systems is that the amplitude of their oscillation decrease along time. This is due to losses of energy that occur in the system (friction, turbulence, Joule effect,...). In our case, the energy is lost due to Joule effect. Electromagnetic energy is progressively transformed into heat that cannot be recovered by the circuit. In order to counteract this effect, we need to "decrease" the resistance of the circuit. For that we will introduce what we call a negative resistance.

In the second part of this PW, RLC circuits are well known circuit showing resonance. This behavior is present in numbers of different systems but easier to quantify in this special one. The purpose of the following study is then to characterize such circuits and use their properties to realize oscillators.

  1. DIODES: In this PW, students study of the Diode characteristics and DC Operating Point for Forward and Reverse bias. And also AC signal to DC signal conversion.
  2. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER: In this PW, students study the characteristics of negative and positive feedback Non‐inverting Operational Amplifier, Inverting Operational Amplifier, Simple Comparator with Operational Amplifier, Hysteresis Comparator with Operational Amplifier, Study the characteristics of an integrator.
  3. Harmonic mode /Smartphone audio output: In the first part of this PW, students learn how to make different measurements on the circuit in harmonic mode: the generator delivers a sinus wave. The sinus generator is used. The amperemeter is the yellow PMM069610 multimeter used in AC mode. The voltmeter U3402A multimeter will be used for all the voltage measures in AC mode. The scope is used to make temporal spacing measurements and then to find the phase shift between different signals.

In the second part of this PW, students compute the maximum electrical power available at the audio output, and understand the headphone impedance impact.

  1. Amplification chain / 2nd order band pass: In the first part of this PW, students learn the different roles of the amplification blocks: voltage, current and power gains.
  2. Understanding the impact of the input and output impedance for the adaptation between blocks. Becoming more familiar with the simple quadrupole model.
  3. In the second part of this PW, Serial R; L; C circuit (values are defined on text) is studied. The band-pass filter is obtain when the output is located at the --------

List of Practical works on Physics L1

The laboratories located in SP2 are intended for groups L1. These laboratories do not carry out scientific research; they are exclusively intended for teaching and visualizing theoretical knowledge.

During their first year, UFAZ students have 12 practical work sessions in the physics laboratory.

  1. Torsion pendulum. Study of mechanical elastic properties of several types of metals. Study of deformation hysteresis.
  2. Friction in pipes. Study of the coefficient of friction of a fluid in a pipe under laminar and turbulent flows.
  3. Application of Bernoulli’s equation: study of a Venturi pipe. Study of the distribution of static, dynamic and total pressure in different sections of a Venturi pipe depending on the cross-sectional area.
  4. Gas heat capacity. Measurement of the molar heat capacity of a gas at constant volume and constant pressure.
  5. Calorimeter. Determining heat capacity of a calorimeter and the enthalpy of fusion (latent heat capacity) of ice.
  6. Thermodynamics - Stirling Engine. Study of the operation of the Stirling heat engine in various modes (heat engine, refrigerator and heat pump).
  7. Wave tank. Propagation and interferences of water waves. Determining the type of surface wave in a wave tank by the type of wave dispersion. Study of diffraction and interference of surface waves. Study of the laws of reflection.
  8. Sound waves and piezo resonator. Determination of wavelength and speed of ultrasound. Determination of the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the radiation of a piezo crystal. Determination of the quality factor of the emitter.
  9. Quality factor of a quartz resonator. Study of the phenomena of wave dumping using a piezo-crystal. Determination of damping coefficient and quality factor of a crystal using an operational amplifier circuit. Study of the beating phenomena.
  10. Optics – Focometry and Optical Instruments. Measuring the focal length of different lenses in three ways (conjugate method, Bessel method and Silbermann method). Construction of a microscope and study of its properties.
  11. Optics – Interferences and Diffraction. Study of diffraction by various obstacles and slits. Study of interference and finding the distance between slits by constructing an interference pattern using a CCD and obtaining an image on an oscilloscope.
  12. Study of the signal propagating in a coax cable. Measuring the impedance of various coax cables based on the dependence of the signal reflection in the cable on the load.

Determination of the signal speed through the cable. Determination of effective optical index and dielectric constant of the coax cable.